什么是肌张力障碍?
肌张力障碍是一种 运动障碍 that causes uncontrollable 运动 in your body. The muscle spasms are either repetitive or intermittent. 肌张力障碍 can be a distinct disease or the symptom of another condition such as 帕金森症 or 亨廷顿氏舞蹈症.
矛盾的反应
A dystonic reaction occurs when you get acute dystonic 症状 due to a certain medication. These reactions require immediate medical attention as they can be very severe and life-threatening.
肌张力障碍的类型
肌张力障碍 can affect everyone, from small children to older adults. Childhood dystonia is usually generalized dystonia (affecting most body parts). It is usually caused by genetic factors, while adult-onset dystonia is usually focal (affecting one body part) and has unknown causes.
Focal dystonia is when dystonia affects one specific part of the body. It can affect different body parts, such as:
- blepharospasm (affects your eyelid and brow muscles);
- cervical dystonia (the most common type of adult dystonia that affects the neck, head, 或肩膀);
- lower limb dystonia (affects your legs);
- cranial dystonia (affects your face, jaw, or tongue);
- laryngeal dystonia (affects your vocal cords); and
- 局灶性手肌张力障碍（影响手）.
肌张力障碍的原因
Most cases of dystonia are idiopathic (of no known cause). A small percentage of dystonia cases have a known genetic cause. 肌张力障碍 can also be acquired due to causes such as brain injury, 感染, 药物副作用, 中风, 和其他人.
Regardless of their cause, your 症状 will be effectively treated to improve your quality of life. Our 运动障碍 providers will determine the best treatment plan for your type of dystonia.
肌张力障碍的症状
肌张力障碍 is characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, 经常重复, 运动, 姿势, 或两个. Dystonic 运动 are typically patterned, twisting, and may be tremulous. These muscle spasms are often initiated or worsened by voluntary action, like writing.
矛盾的运动
Symptoms of dystonia vary from person to person and may change over time. 肌张力障碍运动包括：
- 过度的闪烁,
- 声音听起来很紧张，
- 口齿不清,
- 手抽筋,
- 腿或脚扭伤；
- abnormal posturing or shaking of your head, and
- other involuntary 运动 of any specific body part.
呼叫 your primary care provider if you notice any of these 症状 in yourself or your loved one. 肌张力障碍 is treatable, and early detection is always best.
如何诊断肌张力障碍?
肌张力障碍的诊断是临床的, which means it will be based on your medical history, 症状, 还有身体检查. There is no lab test or imaging scan that determines a diagnosis. An accurate diagnosis of which type of dystonia you have is important.
犹他大学健康中心, our neurologists will gather extensive information from each patient to diagnose their case and develop a customized treatment plan.
为什么选择U - Health?
大发娱乐的神经学家 运动障碍门诊 are specially trained to diagnose and treat all types of dystonia, whether it is caused by your medication or another underlying cause. We offer routine treatments such as oral medications and we are one of the few health care centers in the Mountain West to offer advanced treatments, such as ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin injections and 深部脑刺激.
找神经科医生
肌张力障碍的治疗
Treatment for dystonia varies according to your diagnosis. If your dystonia is a side effect of your medication, we may ask you to stop taking the medication to eliminate your 症状.
If your dystonia is caused by an underlying health condition, we will treat that issue to eliminate the 症状.
无根本原因的肌张力障碍, your 症状 may be lessened or relieved with the following treatments:
- 口服药物,
- injectable medications (such as botulinum toxin), or
- 深部脑刺激 (a long-term treatment option used to treat both children and adults with dystonia).
肉毒杆菌毒素治疗肌张力障碍
Botulinum toxin is a first-line treatment for focal dystonia. It is a neurotoxin that stops abnormal signals from the brain to reach the muscles. It is injected into your body to stop muscles from spasming. It begins working within two weeks, with the best results seen at six weeks. This treatment will need to be repeated at regular intervals because its effect wears off after three months.
肌张力障碍会消失吗?
This depends on the cause of your dystonia. If your dystonia has no known cause or starts in early childhood, it will most likely not go away. You will need to follow the treatment plan established by your neurologist, which may change throughout your lifetime.
肌张力障碍预期寿命
A diagnosis of dystonia does not generally reduce your life expectancy. If your dystonia began when you were an adult, your life expectancy should be equal to that of the general population.
If you have severe dystonia caused by inherited or genetic factors, 你的预期寿命会受到影响. This depends on the exact gene mutation that caused your dystonia.
Schedule an Appointment at the 运动障碍门诊
If you or your loved one would like to schedule an appointment with one of our dystonia specialists at our 运动障碍门诊, ask your primary care provider for a referral to our 神经内科. For more information, call us at 801-585‑7575. We’re happy to answer any questions and help take care of all your health care needs.